These are phenomena that recur after years of being jettisoned. We embrace such just as if it were abandoned just yesterday; old school fashion is one of them Old school fashion constitutes fashion styles, clothing’s, creativity and trends of fashion designers dated back to 1970s-1980.

 This is not only determined by clothes, it is also evident in accessories, hairstyles and even in the attitude of today’s youth. Old school fashion is being brought back by fashion conscious young adult and teenagers of today. In other words, it is the resurgence of popular fashion styles from the past which has succeeded in winning the heart of today’s teenagers, young adult as well as fashion seekers and fashion designers. One of the reason for this resurgence is the influence of one vital tool know as the media.

In every aspect of life today, people are greatly influenced by what they see, hear or read from these media of communication capable of disseminating information to a widely dispersed heterogeneous audience at the same time. A greater part of those who popularize old school fashion are those who go back to watch old school movies and drama on Television. People cherish to look unique and it is hard to see a person dressed old. Fashion way that wont look outstanding different. Not that alone, old school fashion permits people to share in the less complicated yet interesting world of decades past.

Old school fashion was designed to show off the beauty of human body. More also, the designs were sex induced oriented and fierce in nature. The youth of today find all these trademarks of the past interesting, challenge, loving and being ordinary in all its sense. The combination of today’s technology with old school fashion makes it looks like a new area of research if not new discoveries in the fashion industry. Since technology has made the production of comfortable fabrics possible, old school designs are better enhance to be pretty showy and casual these days.



By: Muritala Adisa

About the Author:

Since any parent or else high school teacher by now knows, high school students can be difficult to inspire. As it is factual information that a few teens love putting pen to paper, it’s reasonable to say that the majority of them would rather not to. Like educators, we make out that the solitary method to become a better writer is to put writing into practice. The difficulty with the majority of high school writing tasks is that they lack significance for learners. Following spending months and months teaching your students the hallmarks of high-quality writing, a huge way to spark some concentration in writing is to self-publish an anthology of original writing at your school. Seeing that you come up to this publication project, there are some things you should think about.

A number of teens adore attention and succeed on competition. Others like better to silently take part. If you arrange the publication scheme properly, both kinds of students will be involved in working on the publication. Let learners identify that everybody who submits their pieces by the early bird deadline will certainly have as a minimum one piece chosen for publication. As well as counting all writers who put forward early, hold a rivalry for the most excellent pieces. Suggest simple prizes for first, second, and third places in unlike categories. You are able to choose categories based on the predictable scope of the publication scheme. Intended for larger schools, you are able to select more exact categories for example sonnets, descriptive paragraphs, and so on. You can as well desire to get bigger the project to comprise art. In doing like that, you can as well probable get the art staff to aid you explain and plan the last publication.



By: Alberto Howard

About the Author:

cross the United States are raising children on mere amounts of money, struggling to simply survive. As children they were taught as their mothers were, to clean, cook, and assist with raising their siblings. Young girls were seldom encouraged to prepare for college and high powered careers, believing that as adults they would be in a “family un it” with a spouse to help with the mortgage, utility bills and buy the groceries.

Now grown with children of their own, in a single parent household, mothers everywhere are on their own uneducated and unprepared. There isn’t a mortgage because they are able to only afford the low rent, one or two bedroom apartment to cram the family in. The bills get pushed back with minimum payments made in order to pay for day care. They are the waitress’s, the housekeepers, the store clerk and the hundreds of other hard working, low paid employee, they are the mother’s. Mother’s with only a high school diploma. In many cases they lack the high school education due to dropping out in order to have their children with the hopes of “someday” returning. The education they so desire gets put on the back burner . The money is not there to pay for the classes due to life mishaps that occur, preventing them from achieving their g oal of continued education.

There is, however; a light at the end of the motherhood tunnel in the form of scholarships thanks to President Obama. He knows all to well the difficulty a mother faces when her education has been interrupted or even discontinued. His mother put her education on hold for several years before finally earning her Ph.D. President Obama has now made it possible for mothers to begin or continue their education through scholarships designated solely for mothers, in the hopes that it will ease the struggles faced when unable to find employment to sufficiently provide for her family. With the aid of these scholarships hard working mothers have the opportunity to go to college, increase employment options and in time have a mortgage to call their own.

By: Lindsy Emery

About the Author:

 

April Fools’ Day

All Fools’ Day, although not a Festival in its own right, is a notable day celebrated in many countries on April 1. The day is marked by the commission of hoaxes and other practical jokes of varying sophistication on friends, family members, enemies, and neighbors, or sending them on fool’s errand, the aim of which is to embarrass the gullible. Traditionally, in some countries, the jokes only last until noon: someone who plays a trick after noon is called an "April Fool".  Another origin is that April 1 was counted the first day of the year in France. When King Charles IX changed that to January 1, some people stayed with April 1. Those who did were called "April Fools" and were taunted by their neighbors.

Any how the quest of origin and the date from which the day is being celebrated is still haunting to many today. The origin of April Fools’ Day is obscure. One likely theory is that the modern holiday was first celebrated soon after the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar; the term referred to someone still adhering to the Julian Calendar which it replaced. In many pre-Christian cultures May Day (May 1) was celebrated as the first day of summer, and signalled the start of the spring planting season. An April Fool was someone who did this prematurely.

Almost every culture in the world has some kind of festival in the first months of the year to celebrate the end of winter and the return of spring. Anthropologists call these “renewal festivals.“ Often they involve ritualized forms of mayhem and misrule. The wearing of disguises is common. People play pranks on friends and strangers.

April Fool’s Day has all the characteristics of a renewal festival. For one day forms of behavior that are normally not allowed (lying, deception, and playing pranks) become acceptable, and yet the disorder is bounded within a strict timeframe. Traditionally, no pranks are supposed to be played after 12 o’clock noon of the first. Social hierarchies and tensions are exposed, but hostility is defused with laughter.

For as long as people have been speculating about April Fool’s Day, they have noticed the similarities between it and other springtime “renewal” festivals. Many historians have theorized that April Fool’s Day evolved directly out of some such festival practiced in ancient times. A direct connection between April Fool’s Day and any of the Roman-era festivals seems unlikely, though it is quite possible that the tradition evolved out of a medieval festival held around the time of the Vernal equinox (such as the New Year’s festivals at the end of March, as discussed above). Nevertheless, there is no agreement about which festival the tradition of April Foolery developed out of. Below is a list of some of the festivals that have most frequently been suggested as its forerunners.

References to April fool’s Day can be found as early as the 1500s. However, these early references were infrequent and tended to be vague and ambiguous. Many theories have been put forward about how the tradition began. Unfortunately, none of them are very compelling. So the origin of the “custom of making April Fools” remains as much a mystery to us as it was back in 1708.

 The most popular theory about the origin of April fool’s Day involves the French calendar reform of the sixteenth century. The theory goes like this:

French calendar reform

 In 1564 France reformed its calendar, moving the start of the year from the end of March to January 1. Those who failed to keep up with the change, who stubbornly clung to the old calendar system and continued to celebrate the New Year during the week that fell between March 25th and April 1st, had jokes played on them. Pranksters would surreptitiously stick paper fish to their backs. The victims of this prank were thus called Poisson d’Avril, or April Fish—which, to this day, remains the French term for April Fools—and so the tradition was born.

The calendar-change hypothesis seems, on the surface, like a logical explanation for the origin of April Fools. However, the hypothesis becomes less plausible if we examine the history of calendar reform in more detail.

The Julian calendar

The Julian Calendar, established by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, made January 1 the first day of the year. But as Christianity spread throughout Europe, efforts were made to christianize the calendar by moving New Year’s Day to dates of greater theological significance, such as Christmas or Easter. Some countries continued to use January 1, justifying this as the date of Christ’s circumcision. As a consequence, by the 1500s the European calendar system was a mess. Not only had errors in the Julian calendar caused the solar year to diverge from the calendar year, but also countries were beginning the year on different dates.

Moreover, the French used Easter as the start of the year primarily for legal and administrative purposes. January 1, following the Roman custom, was widely regarded as the traditional start of the year, and it was the day when people exchanged gifts.

Sixteenth-Century Reform

The practice of starting the year on Easter Day caused enormous practical inconvenience, so around 1500 many people in France began to use January 1 as the start of the calendar year. For instance, in early sixteenth-century French books, it is common to see both forms of dating listed side-by-side (for titles published in January, February, or March). By the mid-sixteenth century, a calendar system beginning on January 1 was in wide use in France. In 1563 King Charles IX decreed January 1 to be the first day of the year, thus aligning legal convention with what had become the popular practice. His edict was passed into law by the French Parliament on Dec. 22, 1564.

Eighteen years later, in 1582, Pope Gregory issued a papal bull decreeing sweeping calendar reform. The Gregorian reform included moving the start of the year to January 1, as well as creating a leap-year system and eliminating ten days from the month of October 1582 in order to correct the drift of the calendar. The Pope had no formal power to make governments accept this reform, but he urged Christian nations to do so. France immediately accepted the reform, although it had already changed the start of the year in 1564. (Many histories of April Fool’s Day mistakenly suggest that France only moved the start of the year in 1582 when it accepted the Gregorian calendar reform in its entirety.)

With this history in mind, it becomes clear that the calendar-change hypothesis is a problematic explanation for the origin of April Fool’s Day. The switch to January 1 did not occur suddenly in France. It was a gradual process, spanning an entire century. And even before the switch, the French New Year had no obvious connection to April 1st.

British Calendar Change

The calendar-change hypothesis is more plausible if applied to Britain, because it was the British, not the French, who observed New Year’s Day on March 25 (the date of the christian Feast of Annunciation), followed by a week of festivities culminating on April 1. In fact, the earliest version of the calendar-change hypothesis to be found in print, dating from 1766, does place the argument in a British context. As reported by a  correspondent to the Gentleman’s Magazine in April 1766 :

“The strange custom prevalent throughout this kingdom, of people making fools of one another upon the first of April, arose from the year formerly beginning, as to some purpose, and in some respects, on the twenty-fifth of March, which was supposed to be the incarnation of our Lord; it being customary with the Romans, as well as with us, to hold a festival, attended by an octave, at the commencement of the new year—which festival lasted for eight days, whereof the first and last were the principal; therefore the first of April is the octave of the twenty-fifth of March, and, consequently, the close or ending of the feast, which was both the festival of the Annunciation and the beginning of the new year.“

Britain only changed the start of its calendar year to January 1 in 1752. By this time April Fool’s Day was already a well-established tradition. So confusion about the calendar change could not have been responsible for the origin of the custom in Britain. But it is possible, as the correspondent to Gentleman’s Magazine speculated, that the festival held on April 1 (the “octave” of the March 25th calendar year change) evolved into April Fool’s Day. However, this is pure speculation, undermined by the lack of any other compelling evidence that the custom originated in Britain. The earliest unambiguous references to April Fool’s Day actually come from continental Europe, suggesting it is there that April Fool’s Day began.

Great Britain

British folklore links April Fool’s Day to the town of Gotham, the legendary town of fools located in Nottinghamshire. According to the legend, it was traditional in the 13th century for any road that the King placed his foot upon to become public property. So when the citizens of Gotham heard that King John planned to travel through their town, they refused him entry, not wishing to lose their main road. When the King heard this, he sent soldiers to the town. But when the soldiers arrived in Gotham, they found the town full of lunatics engaged in foolish activities such as drowning fish or attempting to cage birds in roofless fences. Their foolery was all an act, but the King fell for the ruse and declared the town too foolish to warrant punishment. Ever since then, according to legend, April Fool’s Day has commemorated their trickery.

Germany

On April 1, 1530 a meeting of lawmakers was supposed to occur in Augsburg in order to consider various financial matters. Because of time considerations, the meeting did not take place. But numerous speculators, who had bet on the meeting occurring, lost their money and were ridiculed. This is said to have been the origin of the tradition of playing pranks on April 1.

The Netherlands

On April 1, 1572 Dutch rebels captured the town of Den Briel from Spanish troops led by Lord Alva. This military success eventually led to the independence of the Netherlands from Spain. A Dutch rhyme goes: “Op 1 april / Verloor Alva zijn Bril.“ This translates to: “On April 1st / Alva lost his ‘glasses’”. “Bril” means glasses in Dutch, but is also a pun on the name of the town, Den Briel. It is claimed that the tradition of pranks on April 1st arose to commemorate the victory in Den Briel and humiliation of the Spanish commander

Chaucer

What is possibly the first reference to April Fool’s Day can be found in the work of Chaucer. Unfortunately, the reference is so ambiguous as to be worthless as historical evidence.

In the Nun’s Priest’s Tale (written around 1392), Chaucer tells the story of the vain cock Chauntecler who falls for the tricks of a fox, and as a consequence is almost eaten. Whatever Chaucer may have meant, we can’t conclude, based on these few lines, that he was aware of a custom of playing pranks on April 1st.

 Eloy d’Amerval

The next possible reference to April Fool’s Day we find is in a 1508 poem written by Eloy d’Amerval, a French choirmaster and composer. The poem is titled Le livre de la deablerie. In this poem he made the use of  phrase “poisson d’avril” (April Fish) is the French term for an April Fool, but it is unclear whether d’Amerval’s use of the term referred to April 1st specifically. He might have intended the phrase simply to mean a foolish person.

Eduard de Dene

The Flemish writer Eduard De Dene published a comical poem in 1539 about a nobleman who hatches a plan to send his servant back and forth on absurd errands on April 1st, supposedly to help prepare for a wedding feast. The servant recognizes that what’s being done to him is an April 1st joke

Escape of the Duke of Lorraine

According to legend, the Duke of Lorraine and his wife were imprisoned at Nantes. They escaped on April 1, 1632 by disguising themselves as peasants and walking through the front gate. Someone noticed them escaping and told the guards. But the guards believed the warning to be a “poisson d’Avril” (or April Fool’s Day joke) and laughed at it, thus allowing the Duke and his wife to escape. It is not known if any part of this legend is true. In the eighteenth century written references to April Fool’s Day became numerous and appeared throughout Europe.

At last, what we have here is a fairly clear reference to a custom of playing practical jokes on April 1st. So we can say that April Fool’s Day dates back at least to the sixteenth century. Because of this reference (and the other, vague French reference), historians believe that April Fool’s Day must have originated in continental northern Europe and then spread to Britain.

The April Fools is full of hoaxes, humor, laughter and enjoyment. The frequency of April Fools’ hoaxes sometimes makes people doubt of real news. Here are some of the real news of april 1st which people took as hoaxes.

The April 1, 1946 Aleutian Island earthquake tsunami that killed 165 people in Hawaii and Alaska resulted in the creation of a tsunami warning system established in 1949 for Pacific Ocean countries. The tsunami in question is known in Hawaii as the "April Fools’ Day Tsunami" due to people drowning because of the assumptions that the warnings were an April Fools’ prank. The death of King George II of Greece on April 1, 1947 when the news spread people took it as hoax.. On April 1, 1984, singer Marvin Gaye was shot and killed by his father. Originally, people assumed that it was a fake news story, especially considering the bizarre aspect of the father being the murderer The 2005 death of comedian Mitch Hedberg was originally dismissed as an April Fools’ joke. The comedian’s March 29, 2005 death was announced on March 31, but many newspapers didn’t carry the story until April 1, 2005. The merger of Square and its rival company, Enix, took place on April 1, 2003, and was originally thought to be a joke. The announcement of the anime version of the Powerpuff Girls, Demashita! Powerpuff Girls Z, was on April Fools’ Day causing many to think it was a joke. The game Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games was announced only a couple days before April Fools’ Day. Forums were flooded because so many thought that the two rivals since the 90’s, Mario and Sonic the Hedgehog, appearing together in a video game as an official 2008 Olympics game was a joke. British sprinter Dwain Chambers joined English rugby league team Castleford Tigers shortly before 1st April 2008. The athlete was attempting a return to top flight athletics at the time following a high profile drugs ban, and his apparent unfamiliarity with rugby led many people to assume this was an April Fools’ Day prank. On April 1st, 2008, it was reported that UEFA would require the Swedish fast food chain Max to close their restaurant at the Borås Arena during the European Under-21 Football Championship due to a conflict with official sponsor McDonalds and a requirement that only official sponsors may operate around the arena. The arena was later replaced as a tournament site. On April 1, 1984, singer Marvin Gaye was shot and killed by his father. Originally, people assumed that it was a fake news story, especially considering the bizarre aspect of the father being the murderer. On April 1, 2008, Christian Persch announced that the GNOME desktop web browser Epiphany would be switched from Mozilla’s Gecko engine to the WebKit engine used by Safari and KDE’s equivalent application Konqueror.

 

 

     Dr. Ashhiq Hussain

Lect. Govt. Degree College Kishtwar

E.mail:- drashiqhussain@rediffmail.com



By: Dr. Ashiq Hussain

About the Author:

I attended a Christian Camp where the object of my observation (later Liz) is currently employed. She is a main office manager there and handles information stream that has to be coordinated and communicated so that different parties are well informed and organization runs smoothly. Her office is located in the front of the building. There are two other girls, one at the reception desk, and the other one in the office that is inside a bigger room. Her own office is a very small room with a door that she never closed when I was observing. The girls noted that she never closes the door, unless she holds a private meeting and even when this happens it does not lasts longer than 5-10 minutes.

The office is a room about 6 by 8 feet with a window and blinds, there is also a closet room where all the office supplies such as envelopes, cardstock, boxes and brochures of the camp are kept. There is a big computer monitor on her table that takes up most of the space. On a right hand side there is a phone and, a few stacks of post-it notes and a flipping organizer with the phone numbers. There is also a big calendar on the wall to the right and the rest of it is covered with letter size pictures of her nephews and nieces, there are 5 pictures total. There are numerous huge folders and special literature for the managers on the shelves behind her desk, as I noted from the titles on the sides of the editions.

Liz is 25 years old and she has been working in the organization for two and a half years already. Her husband works there too although in a different departments and while I was there I have not seen him or even hear him call. She is currently pregnant about two months. As I was observing I noticed that she left a couple of times in an hour time period to go to the restroom, as she was telling it to the other ladies. The culture in the organization is the following, when someone leaves everyone else in the office needs to know where the person is going and how long will he/she be absent. Every time she left, she said she was sorry but her physical condition would not allow her to wait longer thus it was necessary. The other girls were smiling and said it was no problem.

I noted that the phones were not ringing very often. I counted 8 calls during that hour that I was there. Each of the girls has a phone and everyone else in the building as well so when the phone rings and the question does not concern the main office area of work the girls switch the caller to the needed person. Liz personally answered the phone only once when the caller wanted to talk about the exception request form, which is specifically filled out when an accident occurs with a child during camp season, and she is the only one in the office who is responsible for that. She spoke on the phone for about 5 minutes. Her voice was very cheerful and genuinely understanding. The conversation from what I reported was about a 10 year old boy who broke his arm on the first day he visited camp. She promised to take care of the matter and give the caller a call back when all is resolved. She hung up the phone gently and did not comment on the call to the girls. She looked straight back at her computer screen and within a few minutes wrote done something on a post-it note and stuck in on the desk in front of her keyboard.

In about 15 minutes a lady from the finance office(later-Tina) came to talk about the refunds that were yet to be approved. They talked about the causes of the requests that Liz is responsible for and Tina asked a few question about the eligibility of those cases, and if they coincided with our policies. Both of them spoke in a soft calm voice and looked straight at each other. No pressure was felt from either side and the matter was dealt with in a few minutes with a positive result for both of them, as was seen from their faces. Tina got up and said that she will send the invoices with the stated amount of the refunds as soon as she prints them out and Liz thanked her for being on top of things. As soon as Tina left, Liz stretched her arms in the air and yawned, after this minute break she started tying very fast. She had a heap of papers on her lap that she was looking at and than typing whatever she had into the computer.

For ten minutes straight Liz was typing and looked very concentrated. After that she grabbed a plastic can of almonds from under her table and put a little pile on her a piece of paper in front of her. She told me that the doctor told her to eat lots of nuts so that she can get enough good fats without getting too big. This break lasted about 5 minutes after which Liz got up to go to the restroom again.

In total she went to the bathroom 2 times while I was there, about 3-5 minutes each time. She answered 1 phone call which lasted about 5 minutes and spoke with a colleague for about 8-10 minutes. The rest of the time was spent on typing and reading something from the papers on her lap, thus most of the time she spent typing (80%). As I found out later they were parents’ evaluations that she was putting in a data base and that she later had to analyze. When I was leaving the office it was about 2 PM and Liz was at work for 5 hours already, she was starting to feel tired and sleepy. The girls told me that it was very unlike her but because she was pregnant she was getting tired very easily. Liz did not show tiredness by irritation or any other negative expression, but rather she was repeatedly yawning and stretching in her chair. Liz smiled when she remembered about me being there, looked up at me and generally seemed very easy going, although we practically did not have interaction or a prolonged conversation.

As I was leaving the office Liz and the girls told me that this was a very quite time, after camp season was over. Usually they said their phone lines are busy 10 hours a day and no one has a luxury to go to the restroom twice in one hour. I said I was glad to visit at such a calm time and not be a distraction. Each of them thanked me for coming when I was leaving.



By: Jeff Stats

About the Author:

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By: Shashib Group

About the Author:

Reason Number One: You Miss Your Old Club

If you arrive at the club fair at your new college and are shocked that the kind of club you loved in high school does not exist, consider starting one on your own. Chances are that there are a number of people on campus who already feel the same way that you do because the college doesn’t have an improv troupe / origami club / model building society. And even if that’s not the case, when you advertise for your new club, you will probably spark interest among people who just hadn’t considered how much fun your club would be.

Reason Number Two: You Have A Different Vision For A Version Of An Existing Club

Maybe there is an improv troupe on campus, but you went to a couple of meetings, and you just like your way better. Or, maybe you’ve submitted to the school magazine or newspaper a number of times and keep getting rejected. Many new publications spring up on campuses for just this reason. You’re completely within your rights to start a new organization, even if it’s quite similar to existing ones, but you might want to make sure there’s really not a place for you in the original group. Starting your own club is exciting and rewarding, but also a much bigger time commitment than joining a group that’s already up and running.

Reason Number Three: You Will Be Able To Say You Founded A New Club

Being able to say you started your own club is really not a good enough reason on its own. However, if your other reasons are legitimate, founding a club that’s successful will be an impressive addition to your resume. It will be a signal to others, especially prospective employers, that you are a person with initiative, drive, and leadership ability.

Reason Number Four: Initiative, Drive, and Leadership Ability

If you don’t already possess these qualities, by the time you’ve conceptualized your new organization, advertised for new members, and inspired those new members to keep coming to your meetings, you will have become a master of all three. Starting a new club can be a serious time commitment, but if you love your club’s mission and can get people behind it, there will be no better feeling in the world.



By: Elizabeth Saas

About the Author:

The 1st sorority started at Wesleyan Female College in 1750 as a private club for female. It was called the Adelphean Society. A couple of years later another society was made on the same campus and a competition started out. Those weren’t known as sororities at the time, yet they’d evolve into this name afterwards. As a matter of fact, it was regarded a fraternity before a sorority but the word “fraternity” didn’t fit with an altogether female organization and that’s how the word sorority went on. The 1st Grecian sorority was called Pi Beta Phi.

 

And then in the 1871 the theme of rushing got popular. Yet, the original rushing was significantly contrary to today’s rushing. In 1872 Kappa Alpha Theta was established and it’s considered to be the 1st official sorority for female while Gamma Phi Beta was identified a “sorority” in 1882. A Grecian advisor came up with the phrase sorority as it was more appropriate for women.

 

And, that is how sororities got rolling. They even exist nowadays and there are a lot of houses on every college campus across the country. It is really popular in youth to rush certain houses and even more popular for girls of former sorority members to rush the same house. Those members are regarded legacies and will be allowed in irrespective despite having to go through the humility of rush. Nowadays, rush is sort of a game of truth or dare. Pledges have to do all sorts of things so that they will be accepted into the sorority besides practically be a slave to the aged sisters.  There’s sorority dressing made specifically for sororities. And, there’s fraternity dressing designed specifically for the fraternities.

 

Kappa Kappa Gamma is a college women’s fraternity, though the substructure of the system was evolved as early as 1869, the 1876 Convention voted on October 13, 1870 as Founders Day. This earns Kappa Kappa Gamma among the older Greek-letter guilds.

 

Kappa Kappa Gamma is a women’s fraternity, as it was established prior to the term ’sorority’ came into practice. Nevertheless, as it lets in only women, it’s typically looked up to as a sorority. Kappa Kappa Gamma is also called as “KKG” and “Kappa.”

 

Sororities and fraternities are very famous nowadays on college campuses as they grant fresh pupils a place to belong.



By: Caitlina Fuller

About the Author:

Why would any otherwise normal all-American male college student agree to be photographed frolicking nude on a beach, wrestling with other college guys or simply modeling shirtless before an unforgiving camera lens? Why? It is to be the new icon of male modeling.

Every age has its icons. Whether it be the Gibson Girls at the turn of the last century or the Vargas Girls of the World War II generation or the Arrow Shirt Men of 1950s, pop culture history is documented by the images of beauty, perfection and sexuality of the day. And, while the Pin Ups of the past were reserved for the image of feminine beauty, today college guys are having their turn.

The Abercrombie Male Model is the new gold standard of male modeling. The Abercrombie Male has transcended the four corners of product marketing and become in itself an historic artifact recording pop culture of our day. Like the statues of the perfect male form found in the ruins of Greek and Roman temples, today’s Abercrombie model is tomorrow’s history in the making.

The appeal of the Abercrombie Model is rooted in its realness. That’s because Abercrombie Models are real guys culled from college campuses around the country. You know them, you’ve hung out with them, you’ve got so drunk with them on a Friday night that you swore off alcohol for a year - or at least until next Friday night. They are in your Fraternity, in your class and in your dorm room. Abercrombie modeling is, in fact, not for the professional male model although many an Abercrombie Model has gone on to earn unfathomable success as professional male models and actors.

A&F models are not always frat boys. They are often college athletes who live a fun “fraternity” life. With the exception of notable standouts who developed a fan base like The Carlson Twins, Abercrombie often uses male models only once, allowing campus guys to go on to expanded modeling careers. Review a sampling of any A&F Quarterly or current Abercrombie New Faces and you’ll see a strong showing among athletes. Jeremy Bloom was a champion skier and football player, Abe Taylor was a wrestler and ran cross country, Jeff Popovich was a football player, Kyle Maynard got noticed because he was a wrestler and born with a congenital disorder. Jeremy Black wrestled, Warren Kenzie was a swimmer, Brad Kroenig, was a soccer standout. Charlie Scheerer was an athlete at SMU, and Josh Yetzer was a standout high school wrestler.

So, a would-be Abercrombie model would be smart to let casting directors know of their athletic prowess as well as lack of inhibition when unclothed. Athletes have always been accustom to being nude in the locker room. It is a short step for production planners to translate that comfort in the locker room with comfortableness in front of the camera. Joseph Sayers certainly got his notice by being a wrestler who posed nude for a Playgirl casting submission. Abercrombie definitely pays more than Playgirl!

Abercrombie modeling is to become an Adjective. The term Abercrombie Model is an instantly recognizable description of the perfect All American College Jock. The Abercrombie Male Model is the look, the feel, the image of the physical appearance for which all will strive. Even Hollister, the new spin-off brand name is the new target for would be aspiring high school male models.

So, why would an otherwise normal college guy run on a beach naked and wrestle with other guys in front of a camera? The answer is simple. It is to be immortalized as the new American male icon - the Abercrombie Model.



By: Vicky Phipps

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As I write this article, I cannot but continue to wonder at what will warrant the deliberate and unnecessary educational policy of our government which led to the reduction of a higher institution that has existed for more than 70 years to a mere secondary school, an action that clearly shows that suddenly rousing up from sleep and suddenly taking up decisions not in the best interest of the community progressively often amounts to a rape of hope of the people. Sometimes, our government must learn too that hasty decisions only move a society to the path of nothingness where nothing exists.

Is it for nothing that it is said that history will remember us all for whatever mark we have left even long after we have taken our exit from this wicked world? The rush to want to concentrate grand establishments in one’s hometown by our leaders have become a culture in this country which we have also become inured to, but the reduction of what has existed in other communities to achieve this is what should be of concern to us all. The Ibusa people may not be the most sophisticated people on earth but surely the people deserve a better life being a people of high population of educated men and women who have contributed to the development of this country. 

The famous St. Thomas’ Teacher’s Training College, Ibusa was established in 1928 on vast expanse of land originally owned by the various Ibusa families, there are hostels, Basket Ball court, Volley Ball Court, relatively standard football pitch, staff quarters, a mission station among others also in the premises of the institution. The St. Thomas’ Teacher’s Training College is the oldest institute of Higher learning in Delta State and one of the oldest in southern Nigeria. The European missionaries responsible for the establishment of the institution of higher learning did so with a view to educating and civilizing the people of this area following the trauma Ekumeku wars they suffered in the hands of the people.

The teacher’s training College put the region on the pages of history as every part of the country benefited from it at a time specially when it was hard to predict that the missionaries could extend beyond the establishments of primary schools to set-up an institution higher learning, this made Ibusa citadels of education. Those trained in the institution can be in every part of the nation and every endeavour of life, an impact which can be further seen in the production of more than a hundred professors and other scholars by the town.

However, the Federal Government of Nigeria has through its vague educational policy twisted the fate of St. Thomas’s Teachers Training College, and by extension the people of the town thus reducing the college in status. The Teacher’s Training institute proudly established by European missionaries has been made to experience substantial reduction by the Government. As if the Teacher’s Training College was no longer relevant in standard or that the institute was no longer fit enough for the people, the government reduced the institute to a mere secondary school by simply transforming it to co-educational secondary school.

Again, as if the government was not satisfied with their prejudiced action, took further egregious action which led to the drastic reduction of the co-educational secondary to “All Girls” secondary school christened “Federal Government Girl’s College.” While one is not particularly against the gender status of the school, the action of the government towards the institution is unprecedented and a calculated attempt to deny the community its valuable institution of learning. It is unpleasantly remarkable that a once Teacher’s training Institute would be reduced to a Girl’s school.

What happened to all the expanse of land in the community? If the government was interested in developing education in the town, it should have acted wisely by acquiring a fresh plot of land and developing a secondary school for Girl’s rather than destroying what the missionaries worked hard to establish. It is pathetic that the students of St. Thomas College were relocated to a primary school, where they now share premises in the town. The government should note that this is not advancement for education but a regression, because as the history of the institution has shown, one day, the government might still wake up and convert it to a primary school. Now there is no single post primary institution in the town.

The last public school in the town was built by the missionaries, thus the newest school whether primary or secondary which the town has had in the recent times may be older than many of our fathers, since it has never been in the character of our government to establish at least a single school for the town.

The government should have taken a cue from the favourable history of Government Teacher’s college, Abraka established in the 1940s, later affiliated with the University of Benin in the former Bendel State offering degree programs. In 1985, it was granted autonomy when it became faculty of Education. Six years after precisely in August 1991, following the creation of Delta State by the Federal Government of Nigeria became a full fledged University offering the following:

1.                  Education

2.                  Arts

3.                  Social science

4.                  Pure Science

5.                  Medical science, and

6.                  Pharmacy

There is still Asaba campus of the University with the following:

1.                  Agriculture

2.                  Management Science, and

3.                  Environment Science

Oleh campus

1.                  Law

2.                  English

This is good for the educational development of the state especially as it seeks to satisfy the three senatorial districts of the state, such was expected of St. Thomas Teacher’s College, which as the first institution in the state should have been transformed to a Federal Polytechnic in the state, and not reduced to nothingness for no just reason thus making the labour of our colonial government past in appear in vain.

It is for this reason that I humbly implore the Government to upgrade the standard of the institution to a Federal Polytechnic status or at least restore it to its former status of a Teacher’s Training College because it has all it takes to be one, trusting that the government will ensure that we build and not destroy, cause progression and not regression, develop and not under-develop. The once glorious St. Thomas Teacher’s Training College once the pride of the region as the first institute must win back its glory.   



By: Emeka Esogbue

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